[30] the methanolic crude extracts, BHA and BHT were used at different . Antioxidant Power" (FRAP) assay. maximum antioxidant activity with reference to DPPH assay was noticed at 200 g/ml concentration of ethanol extract of B. longiflora (74.33% inhibition) with the IC50 value of 72g/ml. Lipid Peroxidation Assay Using Rat Brain Tissue. The assay described here measures the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). when a Fe 3+-TPTZ complex is reduced by electron donating antioxidants under acidic conditions, change of absorbance of colorless less Fe 3+ to blue colored Fe 2+ form was . Determination of Antioxidant Activity Using the Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Method The FRAP assay was conducted following the method described by [ 38 ]. The FRAP assay was used to determine the AC of phenolic acids by the reduction of . SKU: KF01003 Categories: Antioxidant Capacity Tags: Antioxidant, Antioxidant capacity . G-Biosciences' FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in aqueous solution and added to plasma. The values for antioxidant activity varied by The primary reaction for DPPH scavenging activity. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), FRAP and CUPRAC are spectrophotometric, whereas ORAC is a fluorometric assay. 1.3. When a solution of DPPH is mixed with a substance that can donate a hydrogen atom . The antioxidant activity was expressed as ascorbic acid equivalent (mg AAE/g extract) which served as a positive control. . -- To learn how to prepare plant extracts using various solvents watch this video :- https://youtu.be/v1dHmRWpfB4-- Carbohydrate estimation by Phenol-Sulphur. FRAP is deemed a suitable assessment for total antioxidants in plants which are consumed by humans because the only compounds with which FRAP does not react with are the thiols. The antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) measure the relative antioxidant ability enclosed in DSF to scavenge the free radicals produced in the reagents. FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in aqueous solution and added to plasma. Hence, in the original FRAP assay, Benzie and Strain recommended a 4-minute reaction time so that TAC can be measured without risk of the protein-associated changes in absorbance masking smaller, perhaps more important, changes that occur due to antioxidant activity in the sample. This product is manufactured by BioVision, an Abcam company and was previously called K515 Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay Kit (Colorimetric).
Studies for the determination of the antioxidant activity of different plant species could contribute to revealing the value of these species as a source of new antioxidant compounds. antioxidant activity in the FRAP assay (producing 104.8 and 1694.7 M Fe2+/mg, respectively). Reference Pisoschi A.M. 2011, Methods for Total Antioxidant Activity Determination: A Review, Pisoschi and Negulescu, Biochem & Anal . performed by FRAP assay as shown in Figure 7. External factors, such as pH value, temperature, light and preservative, have different effects on their antioxidant stability. significant antioxidants, for example, transferrin, ferritin, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and uric acid. There is a large variety of in vitro methods to quantify antioxidant activity, and it is important to select the proper method to . Ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The research aimed to assay the activity of antioxidant from the extract and fractions of the Litsea petiolata Hk. 3.1.2 Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of lutein extracts and vitamin E assay. The assay described here measures the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and . All crude extracts were reconstituted in their corresponding . Trolox is a standard that be used in antioxidant activity. At low pH, when a ferric complex is reduced to the ferrous form (Fe2+), an intense blue color with an absorption maximum at 593 nm develops. The linear correlation between TEAC Ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assay Ferric Reducing-Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay manual was used according to B ENZIE and STRAIN (1996) and HUANG and co-workers (2005). Among 19 methanol extracts of 14 plants, the leaves of Baccaurea racemosa, Macaranga subpeltata, and Piper sp. Three in vitro assays (FRAP, DPPH, and CUPRAC) were used to determine the antioxidant activity. DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and O 2 scavenging capacity assay have been used to measure the antioxidant activity of coffee beans/brew by different investigators. Antioxidant activity may also be measured in biological system, i.e., in vivo and in vitro models. Different Teas Using FRAP Assay [19]. Likewise in DPPH and ABTS assay, FRAP assay also showed lowest antioxidant activity (AOA) for the Phey and Tirchey while highest for the Skuru samples, suggesting that these methods have similar predictive capacity for AOA in Capparis. frap has been used to analyze antioxidant status in humans after hyberbaric oxygen treatment (dennog et al., 1999), evaluate patients with chronic renal failure (erdogan et al., 2002), compare the effects of different diets on plasma (lee et al., 2000), examine the influence of dental amalgams on saliva (pizzichini et al., 2002) and study the . Some biomolecules are also considered biologically active and clinically significant antioxidants, for example, transferrin, ferritin, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and uric acid. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Assay. This reduction DPPH Radical Cation Scavenging Assay. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay. The results of these analyses are given in Table 4 and are an average of three independent measurements. says, such as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) [12], and the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) [13], which are based on determination of the ability of a sample to reduce a metal complex [6]. G-Biosciences' FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in aqueous solution and added to plasma. A Cobas Fara centrifugal limiting factor of FeII-TPTZ, and hence color, formation analyzer was used to perform the FRAP assay as fol-is the reducing ability of the sample. Superoxide Radical Scavenging Assay In addition, the physical-chemical
Thus, we suggest that Cassia mimosoides and Rabdosin serra could be used as potential sources of safe dietary supplement or antioxidant of natural origin to promote . The fractions fractionated with column chromatography. showed the A modified method of Benzie & Strain was adopted for the FRAP assay. The antioxidant capacity is expressed as M Fe 2+ equivalents or as a standard antioxidant equivalents. This happens in an acidic environment when in the presence of. 3. These include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), -tocopherol (vitamin E), uric acid, bilirubin, and polyphenolic compounds such as catechins and other flavonoids in plant-based foods. FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in an aqueous solution and added to the plasma. Antioxidants that react in the FRAP assay are those that can reduce, under the reaction conditions used, the Fe 3+- TPTZ salt to its blue colored Fe 2+- TPTZ form. With contributions from world-class experts in the field, the . The Arbor Assays DetectX Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Detection Kit uses Iris Benzie's exclusively licensed patented technology 2 to quantitatively measure antioxidant potential of a variety of samples including serum, plasma, urine, food extracts, cosmetics etc. The total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents were also determined. The assay described here measures the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). G-Biosciences' FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in aqueous solution and added to plasma. 10 In 9 of the 10 serum samples tested (Figure 2, parts A and B . Type of Tea Number of Experiments Value in mol/g (Dry Powder) 1 Green 13 571 2 Oolong Tea 5 373 3 Black 8 365 4 Pu-erh 1 132 These measurements show that antioxidant activity of green tea is higher than that of black tea. The Arbor Assays DetectX Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Detection Kit uses Iris Benzie's exclusively licensed patented technology 2 to quantitatively measure antioxidant potential of a variety of samples including serum, plasma, urine, food extracts, cosmetics etc. The assay measures the antioxidant potential in samples through the reduction of ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+) by antioxidants present in the samples. In this research, the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau assay), antioxidant capacity (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, FRAP assay) and mineral composition in three fruit tissues (peel, pulp and whole fruit), of apple cultivars commonly used for dried apple production in Chile, were studied. . Principle At low pH . Which method is used to detect antioxidant capacity? ABTS+ Radical Cation Scavenging Assay. The smaller the IC 50 value, the larger is the RSA value and the higher is the antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of five amides: benzanilide 1, dodecanilide 2, N -cyclohexyloctamide 3, acetanilide 4, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) 5, and to compare them to those of standard antioxidants, i.e. Specifically, 10 L sample or standard solution, in this case Trolox, was placed in a 96-well microplate followed by the addition of 190 L FRAP reagent. FRAP assay. The stock solution included 25 mL acetate buffer (300 mM, pH 3.6), 2.5 Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) [17] is based on reduction of a colorless Fe3+-TPTZ complex into intense blue Fe2+-TPTZ once it interacts with a potential antioxidant. The linear correlation between % inhibition and concentration was determined as: Y = 101.86X + 0.094 and R2 = 0.9962 IC50 of Trolox was calculated to be 0.0133 mg/ml. 23 This was regarded to stability and solubility of astaxanthin being affected by the solvents used. The antioxidant test used DPPH assay and FRAP assay. When the complex is at an acidic pH, in the presence of a suitable antioxidant solution, it is reduced, which shows maximum absorbance at 593 nm. The antioxidant activity was determined by a battery of in vitro tests including DPPH radical assay, FRAP assay, ABTS assay, and phosphomolybdate test for total antioxidant capacity. whereas antioxidant activity was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. This method, which is available exclusively through Oxford Biomedical Research, overcomes most of the problems that have been identified with other antioxidant assays and has been widely adopted for in vitro and in vivo studies in many laboratories. Blood and Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay. The FRAP assay is based on the measurement of the ability of the substance to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ resulting in the change of color from yellow to blue colored solution of Fe2 + TPTZ complex (Fe2+ tripyridyltriazine) which has a high absorbance at 593 nm. Background: Medicinal plants (especially belong to Lamiaceae family) are potential sources of new drugs to improve the treatment . a comprehensive investigation of antioxidants nature for the set of phenolic acids with di erent models of hydroxylation, and to develop a QSAR model for prediction of these properties based on a topology of tested compounds. 2002 ). ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY Total antioxidant activity is measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay of Benzie and Strain (1999). antioxidant efficiency of pure substances, with results comparable to those obtained with other more complex methods. A positive result all around! f stem bark with DPPH assay and FRAP assay. . The Frap assay which measures the ability of isolated compounds to reduce TPTZ-Fe(III) complex to TPTZ-Fe(II) was used to assess the total reducing power of antioxidants . Khosousi T, Shanehsaz M, Firuzi O. Antioxidant activity assay based on the inhibition of oxidation and photobleaching of L-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum . Antioxidant activities were evaluated by four assays: an antioxidant activity assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a DPPH ((2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay to assess free radical scavenging, an assay assessing ferrous ions or iron (II) chelating ability, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin . Thymol and carvacrol also showed good activity in the FRAP assay (668.0 and 652.2 M Fe2+/mg, respectively) and these aromatic compounds also had relatively low ionization energies. No. Results and Discussion 3.1. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) The FRAP assay was performed according to previously described method with some modifications [15]. These include measurement of oxidative stress marker of the adduct or end product of ROS with the . Gender differences in antioxidant capacity of rat tissues determined by 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate; ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays By Darko Modun Total antioxidant capacity assay of human serum using copper(II)-neocuproine as chromogenic oxidant: The CUPRAC method The extract was obtained by soxhletation used dichloromethane as solvent. In the present investigation, the commonly accepted assays viz DPPH, FRAP and ABTS were used for the evaluation of antioxidant activity of plant extracts. antioxidant activity, and its antioxidant ability increased with the increase of sample concentration. Acidic conditions favor the reduction of the complex and, thereby, color development, showing that an antioxidant is present. significant antioxidants, for example, transferrin, ferritin, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and uric acid. An amount of 200 l extracted samples were mixed with 3 mL FRAP reagent in test tubes and undergoes vortex. Human LDL Oxidation Assay. Ferric reducing/ antioxidant power (FRAP) was shown to provide higher association with the contents of total flavonoids and total phenols than DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The largest moL or mmoL trolox equivalent per g sample showed the highest antioxidant activity. Three assays use the delay in oxidation and determine the lag phase as parameter for the antioxidant activity (TEAC I, TRAP, PCL). The principle of this method was based on the reduction of a ferric-tripyridyltriazine complex to its ferrous colored form in presence of antioxidants.
Studies for the determination of the antioxidant activity of different plant species could contribute to revealing the value of these species as a source of new antioxidant compounds. antioxidant activity in the FRAP assay (producing 104.8 and 1694.7 M Fe2+/mg, respectively). Reference Pisoschi A.M. 2011, Methods for Total Antioxidant Activity Determination: A Review, Pisoschi and Negulescu, Biochem & Anal . performed by FRAP assay as shown in Figure 7. External factors, such as pH value, temperature, light and preservative, have different effects on their antioxidant stability. significant antioxidants, for example, transferrin, ferritin, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and uric acid. There is a large variety of in vitro methods to quantify antioxidant activity, and it is important to select the proper method to . Ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The research aimed to assay the activity of antioxidant from the extract and fractions of the Litsea petiolata Hk. 3.1.2 Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of lutein extracts and vitamin E assay. The assay described here measures the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and . All crude extracts were reconstituted in their corresponding . Trolox is a standard that be used in antioxidant activity. At low pH, when a ferric complex is reduced to the ferrous form (Fe2+), an intense blue color with an absorption maximum at 593 nm develops. The linear correlation between TEAC Ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assay Ferric Reducing-Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay manual was used according to B ENZIE and STRAIN (1996) and HUANG and co-workers (2005). Among 19 methanol extracts of 14 plants, the leaves of Baccaurea racemosa, Macaranga subpeltata, and Piper sp. Three in vitro assays (FRAP, DPPH, and CUPRAC) were used to determine the antioxidant activity. DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and O 2 scavenging capacity assay have been used to measure the antioxidant activity of coffee beans/brew by different investigators. Antioxidant activity may also be measured in biological system, i.e., in vivo and in vitro models. Different Teas Using FRAP Assay [19]. Likewise in DPPH and ABTS assay, FRAP assay also showed lowest antioxidant activity (AOA) for the Phey and Tirchey while highest for the Skuru samples, suggesting that these methods have similar predictive capacity for AOA in Capparis. frap has been used to analyze antioxidant status in humans after hyberbaric oxygen treatment (dennog et al., 1999), evaluate patients with chronic renal failure (erdogan et al., 2002), compare the effects of different diets on plasma (lee et al., 2000), examine the influence of dental amalgams on saliva (pizzichini et al., 2002) and study the . Some biomolecules are also considered biologically active and clinically significant antioxidants, for example, transferrin, ferritin, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and uric acid. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Assay. This reduction DPPH Radical Cation Scavenging Assay. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay. The results of these analyses are given in Table 4 and are an average of three independent measurements. says, such as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) [12], and the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) [13], which are based on determination of the ability of a sample to reduce a metal complex [6]. G-Biosciences' FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in aqueous solution and added to plasma. A Cobas Fara centrifugal limiting factor of FeII-TPTZ, and hence color, formation analyzer was used to perform the FRAP assay as fol-is the reducing ability of the sample. Superoxide Radical Scavenging Assay In addition, the physical-chemical
Thus, we suggest that Cassia mimosoides and Rabdosin serra could be used as potential sources of safe dietary supplement or antioxidant of natural origin to promote . The fractions fractionated with column chromatography. showed the A modified method of Benzie & Strain was adopted for the FRAP assay. The antioxidant capacity is expressed as M Fe 2+ equivalents or as a standard antioxidant equivalents. This happens in an acidic environment when in the presence of. 3. These include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), -tocopherol (vitamin E), uric acid, bilirubin, and polyphenolic compounds such as catechins and other flavonoids in plant-based foods. FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in an aqueous solution and added to the plasma. Antioxidants that react in the FRAP assay are those that can reduce, under the reaction conditions used, the Fe 3+- TPTZ salt to its blue colored Fe 2+- TPTZ form. With contributions from world-class experts in the field, the . The Arbor Assays DetectX Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Detection Kit uses Iris Benzie's exclusively licensed patented technology 2 to quantitatively measure antioxidant potential of a variety of samples including serum, plasma, urine, food extracts, cosmetics etc. The total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents were also determined. The assay described here measures the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). G-Biosciences' FRAP assay kit is recommended for total antioxidant activity of single antioxidants in aqueous solution and added to plasma. 10 In 9 of the 10 serum samples tested (Figure 2, parts A and B . Type of Tea Number of Experiments Value in mol/g (Dry Powder) 1 Green 13 571 2 Oolong Tea 5 373 3 Black 8 365 4 Pu-erh 1 132 These measurements show that antioxidant activity of green tea is higher than that of black tea. The Arbor Assays DetectX Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Detection Kit uses Iris Benzie's exclusively licensed patented technology 2 to quantitatively measure antioxidant potential of a variety of samples including serum, plasma, urine, food extracts, cosmetics etc. The assay measures the antioxidant potential in samples through the reduction of ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+) by antioxidants present in the samples. In this research, the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau assay), antioxidant capacity (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, FRAP assay) and mineral composition in three fruit tissues (peel, pulp and whole fruit), of apple cultivars commonly used for dried apple production in Chile, were studied. . Principle At low pH . Which method is used to detect antioxidant capacity? ABTS+ Radical Cation Scavenging Assay. The smaller the IC 50 value, the larger is the RSA value and the higher is the antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of five amides: benzanilide 1, dodecanilide 2, N -cyclohexyloctamide 3, acetanilide 4, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) 5, and to compare them to those of standard antioxidants, i.e. Specifically, 10 L sample or standard solution, in this case Trolox, was placed in a 96-well microplate followed by the addition of 190 L FRAP reagent. FRAP assay. The stock solution included 25 mL acetate buffer (300 mM, pH 3.6), 2.5 Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) [17] is based on reduction of a colorless Fe3+-TPTZ complex into intense blue Fe2+-TPTZ once it interacts with a potential antioxidant. The linear correlation between % inhibition and concentration was determined as: Y = 101.86X + 0.094 and R2 = 0.9962 IC50 of Trolox was calculated to be 0.0133 mg/ml. 23 This was regarded to stability and solubility of astaxanthin being affected by the solvents used. The antioxidant test used DPPH assay and FRAP assay. When the complex is at an acidic pH, in the presence of a suitable antioxidant solution, it is reduced, which shows maximum absorbance at 593 nm. The antioxidant activity was determined by a battery of in vitro tests including DPPH radical assay, FRAP assay, ABTS assay, and phosphomolybdate test for total antioxidant capacity. whereas antioxidant activity was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. This method, which is available exclusively through Oxford Biomedical Research, overcomes most of the problems that have been identified with other antioxidant assays and has been widely adopted for in vitro and in vivo studies in many laboratories. Blood and Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay. The FRAP assay is based on the measurement of the ability of the substance to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ resulting in the change of color from yellow to blue colored solution of Fe2 + TPTZ complex (Fe2+ tripyridyltriazine) which has a high absorbance at 593 nm. Background: Medicinal plants (especially belong to Lamiaceae family) are potential sources of new drugs to improve the treatment . a comprehensive investigation of antioxidants nature for the set of phenolic acids with di erent models of hydroxylation, and to develop a QSAR model for prediction of these properties based on a topology of tested compounds. 2002 ). ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY Total antioxidant activity is measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay of Benzie and Strain (1999). antioxidant efficiency of pure substances, with results comparable to those obtained with other more complex methods. A positive result all around! f stem bark with DPPH assay and FRAP assay. . The Frap assay which measures the ability of isolated compounds to reduce TPTZ-Fe(III) complex to TPTZ-Fe(II) was used to assess the total reducing power of antioxidants . Khosousi T, Shanehsaz M, Firuzi O. Antioxidant activity assay based on the inhibition of oxidation and photobleaching of L-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum . Antioxidant activities were evaluated by four assays: an antioxidant activity assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a DPPH ((2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay to assess free radical scavenging, an assay assessing ferrous ions or iron (II) chelating ability, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin . Thymol and carvacrol also showed good activity in the FRAP assay (668.0 and 652.2 M Fe2+/mg, respectively) and these aromatic compounds also had relatively low ionization energies. No. Results and Discussion 3.1. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) The FRAP assay was performed according to previously described method with some modifications [15]. These include measurement of oxidative stress marker of the adduct or end product of ROS with the . Gender differences in antioxidant capacity of rat tissues determined by 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate; ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays By Darko Modun Total antioxidant capacity assay of human serum using copper(II)-neocuproine as chromogenic oxidant: The CUPRAC method The extract was obtained by soxhletation used dichloromethane as solvent. In the present investigation, the commonly accepted assays viz DPPH, FRAP and ABTS were used for the evaluation of antioxidant activity of plant extracts. antioxidant activity, and its antioxidant ability increased with the increase of sample concentration. Acidic conditions favor the reduction of the complex and, thereby, color development, showing that an antioxidant is present. significant antioxidants, for example, transferrin, ferritin, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and uric acid. An amount of 200 l extracted samples were mixed with 3 mL FRAP reagent in test tubes and undergoes vortex. Human LDL Oxidation Assay. Ferric reducing/ antioxidant power (FRAP) was shown to provide higher association with the contents of total flavonoids and total phenols than DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The largest moL or mmoL trolox equivalent per g sample showed the highest antioxidant activity. Three assays use the delay in oxidation and determine the lag phase as parameter for the antioxidant activity (TEAC I, TRAP, PCL). The principle of this method was based on the reduction of a ferric-tripyridyltriazine complex to its ferrous colored form in presence of antioxidants.